Phu Tho is a province with great potential and advantages of river, lake and lagoon water surface; In the area, there are 3 large rivers flowing through: Thao River, Da River, Lo River and many small rivers and large streams such as: Bua River, Chay River, Lao River, Gianh River, Me River; There are 432 reservoirs and 1,158 irrigation dams. Total aquatic area in the first 9 months of 2023 is estimated to reach 10,650 hectares, of which specialized farming area reaches 5,660 hectares for 1-crop farming and large water surface reaches 4,900 hectares. Total aquatic product production in the first 9 months of the year reaches 32,152.4 tons, reaching 73.6% of the plan (plan 43,700 tons). The total number of intensive farming cages in rivers and reservoirs reached 1,865 cages, of which the number of cages in reservoirs was 420 cages, equal to 22.5% of the total number of farming cages in the province. With an area of 5,585 hectares of water surface area of reservoirs and irrigation dams, of which 2,235 hectares of aquaculture area accounts for 21% of the aquaculture area in the province, the total annual output of aquaculture in the reservoir reaches over 5,000 tons. accounting for 11.4% of the province's total aquatic output.

Phu Tho is a province with great potential and advantages of river, lake and lagoon water surface; In the area, there are 3 large rivers flowing through: Thao River, Da River, Lo River and many small rivers and large streams such as: Bua River, Chay River, Lao River, Gianh River, Me River; There are 432 reservoirs and 1,158 irrigation dams. Total aquatic area in the first 9 months of 2023 is estimated to reach 10,650 hectares, of which specialized farming area reaches 5,660 hectares for 1-crop farming and large water surface reaches 4,900 hectares. Total aquatic product production in the first 9 months of the year reaches 32,152.4 tons, reaching 73.6% of the plan (plan 43,700 tons). The total number of intensive farming cages in rivers and reservoirs reached 1,865 cages, of which the number of cages in reservoirs was 420 cages, equal to 22.5% of the total number of farming cages in the province. With an area of 5,585 hectares of water surface area of reservoirs and irrigation dams, of which 2,235 hectares of aquaculture area accounts for 21% of the aquaculture area in the province, the total annual output of aquaculture in the reservoir reaches over 5,000 tons. accounting for 11.4% of the province's total aquatic output.

Raising and exploiting aquatic products in the reservoir in recent years has created jobs, supplemented protein-rich foods, stabilized economic life and increased income for people around the area. Currently, fish farming in reservoirs in the province is concentrated in 4 forms: (1) According to the intensive form of cage fish farming, the animals raised are grass carp, barbel fish, American catfish, tilapia, Dieu Hong...average yield reaches 2-3 tons/cage/108m3; (2) Semi-intensive farming for lakes with an area of <10 hectares, the farming objects are traditional fish species such as carp, carp, driftwood, sesame, in addition to adding American catfish, black carp, and fish. white birds, catfish... average yield of 3-3.5 tons/ha, (3) Farming in the form of improved extensive farming in lakes with an area of 10-20 hectares, farming species are all types Traditional fish yield reaches 1.5-2.0 tons/ha; (4) Extensive farming with an area of 20 hectares or more, the main stocking species are traditional fish species, establishments are assigned ponds to stock in the form of regular compensatory pruning and stocking. Regenerated and released varieties have a yield of 0.5-0.7 tons/ha.

However, in the long term, in order to aim for the most sustainable development of reservoir fish farming, bringing a stable source of income, there are still many difficulties and challenges. The most prominent difficulty today is that the infrastructure is still weak and not synchronized, along with the outdated level of technology in raising and processing reservoir aquatic products, leading to productivity and economic efficiency still being low. short. Authorities do not have detailed plans for cage farming areas on large and medium-sized reservoirs. The number of cages allowed according to economic and technical norms is still low compared to investment capacity and reality (in Circular 16/2015/TT-BNNPTNT promulgating national standards on cage farming, including cage fish farming). In a reservoir, the static water area accounts for a maximum of 0.05% of the water surface area at the lowest water level (the lowest water level in the lake is difficult to determine, sometimes the lake is almost dry). The reservoir does not prioritize fishery development but prioritizes development for its main purpose of irrigation. In order for fish farming in reservoirs to develop, it is necessary to have the following directions: (1) Developing fish farming in small and medium-sized reservoirs, associated with regular fish stocking, good management and care in rural areas, mountainous, remote and remote areas contribute to hunger eradication, poverty reduction and providing food for people. (2) Promote cage fish farming in medium and large reservoirs with specialty aquatic species associated with the region, valuable species for export and tourism. (3) Processing by-products into foods for consumption and export, processing food for livestock and poultry... to increase product value.

In order for fish farming in reservoirs to develop sustainably, it is necessary to implement the following solutions: (1) Strengthen advocacy and encourage fish farming facilities in reservoirs to register for licensing for aquaculture in reservoirs. reservoirs (Currently there are only 33/432 licensed reservoirs); (2) Implement on schedule the Provincial People's Committee's plan on developing fish cages in reservoirs by 2025, which is to reduce the number of cages in rivers and increase the number of cages in lakes and dams to 600 cages (Nguyen Due to climate change, fish farming in cages on rivers faces many risks such as drought, floods, water discharge from hydroelectric reservoirs...); (3) Promote propaganda and replication of fish farming models on reservoirs: Strengthen training, coaching, and technical seminars to improve people's knowledge about investing in intensive farming and disease prevention and treatment for fish raised in reservoirs; Legal regulations on fish farming and caged fish in reservoirs... Develop a testing model and test subjects with high economic value to summarize, evaluate, and replicate; (4) Encourage all economic sectors to develop reservoir farming: Advise and develop policy mechanisms to encourage businesses, cooperatives, and households to invest in cage fish farming on high-capacity reservoirs. volume of 0.5 million m3 of water or more. Review and evaluate the effectiveness of allocating reservoirs; Build an adjustment mechanism to extend the contract delivery period, organize public bidding to attract potential organizations and individuals to boldly invest in developing cage fish farming in large lakes and dams; (5) Trade promotion: Perform good forecasting and market access orientation; Do a good job of promoting, introducing, and connecting consumer markets for fish farming establishments with localities in the Northern key economic region to create favorable conditions for producers to consume products. Build a network of stores to sell products at central markets in districts, cities and towns; tourist areas, urban areas, industrial parks; (6) State management: Direct the development of fish farming on reservoirs in a sustainable and controlled manner. Regularly monitor water level developments in lakes and dams to adjust cage development plans accordingly. Organize and properly implement the management of breeds and materials used in aquaculture in the area; promptly detect and strictly handle organizations and individuals that commit violations. Implement well the monitoring and warning of the environment and aquatic diseases; Improve capacity to perform aquatic veterinary tasks, proactively prevent disease and treat natural disasters to ensure production safety.